Composite Anode for PEM Water Electrolyzers: Lowering Iridium Loadings and Reducing Material Costs with a Conductive Additive

To enable the greater installed capacity of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) for clean hydrogen production, associated costs must be lowered while achieving high current density performance and durability. Scarce and expensive iridium (Ir) required for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a large contributor to the overall cost, yet high loadings of Ir (1-2 mg