Revisiting the role of LPG in expanding energy access

The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a World Health Organization (WHO)-designated “clean” fuel, dominates household fuel expansion in low- and middle-income countries. This is due largely to support by the oil and gas industry, government policies, and claims of health and climate benefits over traditional biomass. However, recent randomized controlled trials, though confirming that switching from biomass to LPG cooking reduces exposure to air pollutants, have found little evidence of improved health outcomes. LPG offers reductions in greenhouse gas emissions compared to biomass, but its role as a by-product of fossil fuel production and its increasing use in the fossil fuel supply chain compromises the goal of universal access to sustainable energy. We propose a set of policies that the WHO, governments, funders, researchers, and non-governmental organizations can pursue to promote and assess alternative fuels as part of the continued effort to implement and ensure a clean, healthful, equitable, and sustainable energy future for all.