Modulation of cutaneous vasodilation by reactive oxygen species during local and whole-body heating in young and older adults

Objective: To evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulation of cutaneous vasodilation during local and whole-body passive heating in young and older adults. Methods: Cutaneous vascular conductance normalized to maximum vasodilation (%CVC max ) was assessed in young and older adults (10 per group) using laser-Doppler flowmetry at 4 dorsal forearm sites treated with 1) Ringer's solution (control), 2) 100 µM apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), 3) 10 µM allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), or 4) 10 µM tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic), via intradermal microdialysis during local (protocol-1) and whole-body heating (protocol-2). Protocol-1: forearm skin sites were set at 33°C during baseline and then progressively increased to 39°C and 42°C (30 min each). Protocol-2: participants were immersed in warm water (35°C, mid-sternum) with the experimental forearm above water level and local skin sites maintained at 34°C. Bath temperature was increased (~40°C) to clamp core temperature at 38.5°C for 60 min. Results: Protocol-1: there were significant treatment site by age interactions for the 39°C (P=0.015) and 42°C (P=0.004) plateaus. Although, no significant effects were observed after post-hoc adjustment. Protocol-2: there was a significant treatment site by age interaction (P<0.001) whereby %CVC max in older adults was 11.0% [7.4,14.6] higher for apocynin (P<0.001), 8.9% [5.3,12.5] higher for allopurinol (P<0.001) and 4.8% [1.3,8.4] higher for tempol ( P=0.016) sites relative to the control site. Conclusion: ROS derived from NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase attenuate cutaneous vasodilation in older adults during passive whole-body heating, but not during local skin heating, with negligible effects on their young counterparts for either heating modality.