Betel nut chewing effects on the incidence of periodontitis

Background: Betel quid chewing, a common cultural practice in various parts of Asia, has been associated with numerous oral health issues, including periodontitis. Betel quid chewing, which involves the consumption of a mixture of areca nut, lime, betel leaf, and sometimes tobacco, is a common practice in several Asian countries, including Indonesia. Several studies have indicated a connection between this habit and various oral health problems, including periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth. This systematic literature review aims to explore the relationship between betel quid chewing and the incidence of periodontitis. Method: The method used is a systematic review which is done by searching articles through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Discussion: The review's findings indicate that betel quid chewing significantly increases the risk of periodontitis. The pathophysiological mechanisms involve chronic irritation and alterations in oral microflora induced by the components of betel quid, ultimately leading to inflammation of periodontal tissues. Some studies also suggest that the duration and frequency of betel quid chewing are positively associated with the severity of periodontitis. Conclusion: There is strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that betel quid chewing is an important risk factor for the development of periodontitis.