Routing through LEO Satellite Constellation Networks: A DopplerShift Measurement based Coverage window Detection Approach

Most Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications via satellite depend on reasonably priced, energy-constrained, location-aware IoT sensors. In this letter, we present a brand technique that uses straightforward Doppler measurements to estimate the satellite visibility window on Internet of Things devices. We provide two cases where the IoT device does not initially know the geographic coordinates of the serving satellite: (i) we assume that the IoT device knows the coordinates, and (ii) we assume that the coordinates are unknown. As a result, we obtain the Doppler measurement likelihood function and reduce it to a problem of minimizing root mean square error (RMSE). We use a stochastic optimizer to minimize the root mean square error (RMSE) to predict the orbital parameters of the serving satellite from a series of Doppler observations. We then forecast the satellite visibility window (satellite pass) based on the orbital estimation. We compute the overlapping visibility window between the ground truth and the estimation using the intersection-over-union metric in order to assess the correctness of the window estimation. The results are based on extensive MATLAB simulations. In addition to the proposed technique utilizing Doppler measurements for estimating satellite visibility windows in IoT devices, the system is structured around two ground stations. These ground stations are interconnected through a process facilitated by Dijkstra’s Algorithm, which calculates the shortest path between them via visible satellites. This integration of Dijkstra’s Algorithm ensures optimal routing and connectivity between the ground stations, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the IoT application over satellite communication.