Various types of antennas with fractal geometry have high frequencies and considerably high bandwidths of up to 20 GHz. However, modern applications with low latency and high transmission speeds make it necessary to use antennas with higher bandwidths. The dielectric used was FR4 substrate with dielectric constant εr = 4.4 and thickness of substrate 1.544 mm. The S11 scattering parameter was obtained. The simulations of this article were carried out using Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
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Lucas et al. (2024) studied this question.
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