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Background: In today's interconnected world, the global economy holds significant importance due to its far-reaching impact on various aspects of the world. It provides emerging economies, especially developing countries, access to larger markets and enhances substantial business transactions requiring commercial legal entities to wield significant influence and power across borders, leading to a surge in complex transnational crimes. Methods: This qualitative systematic review paper overviews, analyses, and synchronises the secondary sources relating to the prosecution of the criminal liability of commercial legal entities. The outcomes cement the legal basis for the urgent need for globally harmonised sanctions to prosecute commercial legal entities involved in transnational crimes effectively. Results and conclusions: By exploring the nature and scope of these offences, the challenges in enforcement, and the benefits of a unified approach, this research aims to provide a comprehensive framework for international cooperation to uphold justice and integrity in prosecuting the criminal liability of commercial legal entities. Through case studies, analysis of existing legal structures, and recommendations for future actions, this study highlights the necessity of global collaboration to establish harmonised sanctions and legal frameworks relating to the prosecution of criminal liability among countries. In addition, it constitutes some implications for changing the current situation of prosecuting criminal liability worldwide, especially in countries that have yet to enter into signatories with other countries to address transborder prosecution of criminal liability.
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