5α-reductase inhibitors with or without alpha-blockers and risk of incident upper tract urothelial carcinoma in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Analysis of US insurance claims data

Increasing data suggests that androgen receptor signaling may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of urothelial cancers. While the chemoprotective effect of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARi) on bladder cancer risk in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) has been explored with conflicting results, the evidence regarding 5-ARi treatment, and the risk of incident Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) development is lacking. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the impact of the 5-ARi administration on the incidence of new UTUC cases using a large US database.