Even in 2024, doping in sports remains a significant concern, posing challenges regarding health, ethics, and equity. This paper provides an exploration of doping agents, with a focus on their chemistry, mechanisms of action and methods of their detection. The structures and modes-of-action of testosterone derivates are discussed, and the analytical methods of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography are introduced. The paper concludes with a discussion of ways in which users of doping agents attempt to avoid detection and introduces the emerging field of gene doping.
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ZhongYu Richard Xun (2024) studied this question.
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