Soil classification and crop cultivation prediction: a comparative study of machine learning models

Soil is pivotal in supporting thriving agriculture by providing the foundation for crop growth.The soil composition that supports plant growth comprises a variety of organic substances, minerals, living things, air, and water.Soil type gives information about morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics and mineral content.Determining which crops flourish in a particular soil type requires knowledge of the features and characteristics of distinct soil types.Soil classification links soil samples and natural entities on the earth's land surface [1]. *Author for correspondenceThere are several varieties of soil, and each has distinctive features.Based on these multiple features, several kinds of crops are grown.Understanding the properties of different soil types is crucial for selecting suitable crops and ensuring healthy and productive agriculture.Table 1 shows an overview of the major soil types and the crops that thrive in each:Agriculture is a cornerstone of human civilization, bearing multifaceted significance beyond mere sustenance.Agriculture ensures the fundamental necessity of food security, underpinning the nourishment of billions worldwide.Predicting and