Evaluating Sustainable Carbon-Neutral Cities Through ESG and SDGs: Based on Copenhagen and Jeju Island

Following the declaration of carbon neutrality by 2050, interest in carbon-neutral cities has surged, although most research primarily focuses on carbon reduction and technological aspects. This study aims to address these limitations by linking ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) goals with SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and conducting a comparative analysis of Copenhagen (CPH2025) and Jeju Island (CFI2030). Based on previous research, ESG factors were reclassified into technology, legal systems, and living labs, and an evaluation scale was constructed to compare CPH2025 and CFI2030. This study compares the strengths and weaknesses of these successful carbon-neutral city cases, providing valuable insights into sustainable directions for carbon-neutral cities from a new perspective.