Shipbuilding Risk Assessment: Legal Frameworks and Practical Challenges in Indonesian Shipyards

Ship accidents during the shipbuilding process, including construction, repair, and operation, remain frequent and unresolved, often leading to legal issues for ship owners and shipbuilding companies.This research aims to analyse the obstacles encountered during these stages and the associated accidents.We employed the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method to analyse the data.We collected primary data from 13 shipping companies located in six major cities in Indonesia.The findings indicate that problems such as rework at the erection and outfitting stage due to worker negligence, delays in contract schedules, and accidents due to worker's negligence frequently happen in the process of shipbuilding.Then, rework at the sub-assembly stage due to engine damage and repairs due to engine damage were the highest risks in ship repair, and collision accidents were the highest risk in ship operations.Current efforts to reduce ship accidents focus on continuous improvement strategies at both organizational and individual levels through the development of best shipbuilding practices.