We know who they are, because of what they sing: Miao song taxonomy in Fenghuang county, China

The Miao of Fenghuang county, Hunan province, China, maintain two distinct song taxonomies. One is functional and shared across all Miao communities, while the other is specific to the county, is known as the Fenghuang Miao taxonomy, and is based on locality and melody types. This study explores the Fenghuang Miao taxonomy through consultations with community members and examinations of locally produced songbooks and documentary videos. Utilising ethnographic and musicological approaches, the study reveals the intricate relationships between melody type and four aspects: locality, function, theme, and performance setting. Unlike existing scholarly categorisations, this taxonomy not only reflects Miao distinctions and priorities but also extends to broader Miao social dynamics. Interview findings highlight the practical significance of songs as relevant to subgroups' identities, with song-masters and singers able to identify subgroups' based on melody types. Analysis of musical elements reveals correlations between melody types and subgroup aesthetics.