Linguistic Dimensions of L2 Performance: Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency

The Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency (CAF) model has established itself as a crucial framework for examining the multifaceted nature of second language (L2) performance, providing valuable insights into learners' linguistic development. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the CAF model, exploring its core constructs—complexity, accuracy, and fluency. It explores their definitions, the challenges associated with each construct, and the diverse approaches employed to measure them. The analysis includes a review of current research, identifying commonly used metrics, and outlining potential avenues for future inquiry. By offering a critical evaluation of the CAF framework and its measurement techniques, this paper sets out to enhance the understanding of L2 assessment and contribute to the advancement of research in this domain.