Efficacy of topical local anesthetic, topical cooling spray, and audiovisual distraction on relief of needle-related pain during blood collection: A randomized controlled trial

Venipuncture is one of the most common invasive procedures in healthcare, often resulting in the experience of pain. While audiovisual distraction, topical anesthesia and cold spray application have been reported as methods to reduce pain, there is a lack of studies that focus on comparing their efficacy and safety.