Dynamic Patterns of Primate Responses to Human Actions on Ecotourism Activities in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia

Basically, almost all species of animals from the Primates Order (non-human Primates) have quite large potential to be used as tourist objects and attractions.Interactions between tourists and primates must be regulated in such a way that the level of safety, quality of satisfaction and travel experience remains high without causing disturbance to primates.The aim of this research was to evaluate the level of tolerance of primates to disturbances from recreational activities and construction activities for natural tourism facilities in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java Province, Indonesia.The method used for measuring the actions and responses of primates towards visitors was the Avoidance Response method, which is to fill the gap in the lack of quantitative research on the response patterns of wildlife (included primates) to various tourist activities at a tourist destination the avoidance responses method applied with distance intervals of human action.Observers approached primates at varying distances from 25 meters to 0 meters with intervals of 5 meters (25m, 20m, 15m, 10m, 5m, 0m).From the results of observations of the 4 species of primates that were commonly found, they were the Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) with an abundance index of 30%, the Javan Langur (Trachypithecus mauritius) and the Grizzled leaf monkey (Trachypithecus) with a moderate abundance index of 9-12% and the Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) with a very low abundance index of 1%.In general, the four species at the research location behave or show a threatened and avoidant position.The degree of avoidance response of these four species is indeed different, where the most tolerant to the presence of tourists is the Macaca fascicularis, while the most intolerant is Hylobates moloch.The Trachypithecus mauritius and Presbytis comata showed a moderate response between tolerant and intolerant.The result of this reasearch will not only be useful in designing wildlife tourism activities at a destination, but will also be highly beneficial in the process of zonation planning for a new tourist destination.