Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms of the Bile Duct: Clinical Case Insights and Literature Review

Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNB) are rare precancerous lesions with implications for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Recognizing IPNB and managing its recurrence pose challenges in clinical practice. We present two cases. Case 1: a 60-year-old man presented with an 8 × 8 × 9 cm hepatic cyst initially suspected to be a hydatid cyst. Histology post-resection revealed an IPNB with foci of adenocarcinoma. Despite negative oncologic margins, recurrence occurred eight years later as an rT2N0 lesion. Surgical resection was performed without adjuvant chemotherapy, resulting in the patient's survival at 48 months post-surgery. Case 2: a 28-year-old female with cognitive impairment was admitted with pulmonary embolism and a liver lesion diagnosed as a simple cyst. Subsequent evaluation revealed adenocarcinoma with local metastases, extensive vascular involvement, and thrombosis. Despite aggressive management, including thrombectomy and chemotherapy, the patient's condition deteriorated, leading to hepatic failure and eventual demise.