Three-dimensional nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in the Venusian ionosphere at high altitude

Solitary and double layers of plasma waves were found in the Venusian environment by analysis of the data provided by satellite observations (e.g., Venera, Mariner, Pioneer Venus Orbiter, and Venus Express). We investigate three-dimensional nonlinear electrostatic ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) between 10³ and 10⁴ km above the surface of Venus in a homogeneous, collisionless, unmagnetized plasma environment. Together with Maxwellian electrons from Venus, the plasma system under investigation contains two kinds of positively charged planetary ions, namely H⁺ and O⁺. Solar wind Maxwellian electrons and flowing protons are other interactions with this system. We derive the suitable evolution equation, the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, to model three-dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic solitary wave propagation. An essential part of explaining the development of the nonlinear wave phenomena in our plasma system is played by this equation. We applied an energy consideration-based approach to ascertain the stability of the solitary waves. With this method, we may ascertain if the solitary wave characteristics stay constant. During propagation, which advances our knowledge of wave behavior dynamics in three dimensions. Using energy-based analysis, we study the prerequisites for the stability and development of solitary waves. The stability of localized structures with transverse direction fluctuations is investigated. The wave propagation is studied at various altitudes in connection with the physical properties of the plasma in the Venusian ionosphere. This research enhances our understanding of ion-acoustic solitary waves within the plasma environment of Venus while also contributing to our broader knowledge of wave propagation mechanisms in space plasma.