Comparison of Malachite Green and Methylene Blue Dyes in Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients Living With Hiv/AIds and Undergoing Immune Reconstitution

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). comparing methylene blue (MB) (0.01%) and malachite green (MG) (0.01%) dyes as a therapeutic protocol, measuring the following periodontal clinical parameters: clinical probing depth (CPD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), full-mouth plaque index (PI), and full-mouth bleeding index (BI), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) pathogens. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Forty-four patients were evaluated, 15 (34.1%) female and 29 (65.9%) male. The mean age was 46 years. In the evaluation of GR, there was a significant difference in the non-resistant group in which MB was used. Resistant patients treated with MG or MB showed significant differences in the decrease of Pg bacteria. PDT associated with MB promoted improvements in CPD and decrease of Aa and Pg bacteria, being an effective therapeutic protocol.