Older Adults' Preferences for Caregiving AI Chatbots to Improve Well-being and Social Connectivity (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The increasing number of older adults who are living alone poses challenges for maintaining their well-being, as they often need support with daily tasks, healthcare services, and social connections. However, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have revolutionized healthcare and caregiving via their capacity to monitor health, provide medication and appointment reminders, and companionship to older adults. Nevertheless, the adaptability of these technologies for older adults are stymied by useability issues. This study explores how older adults use and adapt to AI technologies, highlighting both the persistent barriers and opportunities for potential enhancements. OBJECTIVE The study purpose was to provide deeper insights into older adults' engagement with technology and AI. The technologies currently used, potential technologies desired for daily life integration, personal technology concerns faced, and overall attitudes towards technology and AI are explored. METHODS Using mixed-methods, participants (N = 28) completed both a semi-structured interview and surveys consisting of health and well-being measures. Participants then participated in a research team facilitated interaction with an AI chatbot, Amazon Alexa. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, and surveys were evaluated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Participants ranged in age from 65 to 84 years. Digital devices were most commonly used for entertainment, health management, professional productivity, and social connectivity. Participants were most interested in integrating technology in their personal life for scheduling reminders, chore assistance, and for providing care to others. Challenges in using new technology included commitment to learning, a lack of privacy, and a worry about future technology dependence. Overall, their attitudes coalesced towards early adapters, those wary, and those who were resisters of technology and AI. CONCLUSIONS To ensure that AI technologies effectively support older adults, it's essential to foster ongoing dialogue among developers, older adults, families, and their caregivers, focusing on inclusive designs to meet older adults’ needs.