Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux and Sleep Depth in Healthy Adults, as Measured by Portable High-Resolution Manometry, Esophageal pH, and Electroencephalography

The primary mechanism of diurnal gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) in both healthy persons and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, few studies have examined nocturnal GER. Using portable high-resolution manometry (HRM), esophageal pH, and electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the association of onset of nocturnal GER with sleep depth in healthy Japanese adults.