Robust Image Watermarking Based on Lifting Wavelet Transfrom-Hessenberg Decomposition for Copyright Protection

The modern internet technology enables unauthorized individuals to alter the content of digitalimages. This work introduces a method for enhancing the robustness of an embedded watermark in images usingLifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Hessenberg Decomposition. This study utilizes Hessenberg Decomposition(HD) to insert a watermark image into the LL-sub band of the LWT transform. Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) is employed to convert the H value of HD. Subsequently, the watermark image is put into the singularvalue. The suggested system underwent testing against a range of image processing assaults, includingcompression, filters, and noise additions. The testing was conducted using multiple watermark sizes, specifically256×256, 128×128, and 64×64 pixels. The experimental results demonstrate exceptional imperceptibility, with anaverage PSNR value of 39.5640 dB and a SSIM value of 0.9993. The results demonstrate a high level of resilience,as indicated by the NC value of 0.96390.