Building Safety Evaluation and Improvement for Northern Vietnam Mountainous Environments Empirical Study Combining Japanese Experience with Local Conditions

This study addressed the insufficient structural strength and inadequate disaster resistance in building designs in the mountainous regions of Northern Vietnam. By integrating Japanese construction experience with local conditions, we proposed optimized building structures and simplified safety evaluation methods. Through an analysis of climate, terrain, geological hazards, soil conditions, and construction material costs, building design and foundation construction were optimized, and these optimizations were validated through wind tunnel experiments and finite element analysis. The results indicated that the optimized structures exhibited superior wind load stability, with external wind pressure coefficients ranging from −1.5 to −0.7, compared with the traditional structure’s range of −1 to −3.5. The redesigned foundation improved landslide resistance, reducing excavation and foundation construction costs relative to Japanese methods. The foundation’s safety factor reached 4.42–5.13, surpassing the standard of 2.5, and the retaining wall’s sliding resistance safety factor reached 1.87, exceeding the requirement of 1.5. These enhancements dramatically boosted building safety under extreme weather conditions. This study provides practical solutions for building design in Vietnam’s mountainous regions and serves as a valuable reference for similar research in other developing countries, underscoring significant practical and social implications.