Changes in NDVI, black carbon and soil moisture in the “Burtinskaya Steppe” of the Orenburg nature reserve according to satellite and ground data in 2000–2022

In this work, the dynamics of changes and trends in climatic conditions, the vegetation index NDVI, the humidity of the upper soil layer and the content of black carbon in the atmosphere in the conditions of steppe fires by ground and satellite measurements for the period 2000–2022 are traced for the “Burtinskaya Steppe” in the Orenburg region. The negative trend in the values of the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) indicates a tendency to weaken the moisture supply of the territory, which contributes to the occurrence of steppe fires. The consequence of climatic trends is a positive trend in the values of black carbon in the atmosphere of the studied area, as well as a tendency to decrease the biomass and humidity of the upper soil layer. Absolute interannual values were marked in 2010: minimum values of NDVI, soil moisture and maximum values of black carbon.