Toxicological response and bioaccumulation of strontium in Triticum durum (Nachit) and Triticum aestivum (Ibtissam)

The present study examines the toxicological effects and bioaccumulation of strontium (Sr 2+ ) in two Moroccan wheat species, Triticum durum (Nachit) and Triticum aestivum (Ibtissam). Germination rates and seedling growth parameters were evaluated under Sr 2+ concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mM. Results revealed a significant decline in germination rates as Sr 2+ concentrations increased, with T. aestivum showing higher sensitivity compared to T. durum . Low Sr 2+ concentrations (10 mM) initially promoted stem growth in T. aestivum , but growth declined sharply at higher concentrations. Both species sustained growth at moderate Sr 2+ concentrations (100 mM), but experienced a substantial reduction at 1000 mM, with T. durum demonstrating slightly better tolerance. Elevated Sr 2+ concentrations notably affected root length and stem branching, indicating severe phytotoxic effects. Enzyme activity assays showed that at low Sr 2+ concentration (10 mM), GST, CAT, POD, and SOD activities were similar to the control. At moderate concentrations (100 mM), GST and POD activities increased, suggesting enhanced detoxification. At high concentrations (1000 mM), all enzyme activities were significantly elevated, reflecting a robust antioxidative defense mechanism. This study provides valuable insights into the toxicological impacts and physiological responses of these wheat species to Sr 2+ stress. • Strontium concentration affects Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum germination. • Significant sensitivity of germination rates to increasing Sr levels. • Strontium affects stem and root development. • High Sr concentrations boost antioxidative enzyme activities, indicating robust ROS defense.