High-Dose Propranolol for Severe and Chronic Aggression in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Despite the use of behavioral interventions and psychotropic medications, many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who engage in severe aggression remain refractory to conventional treatment. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, has accumulated much anecdotal evidence as a promising option. However, well-designed studies are rare, and the apprehension about cardiovascular side effects from large doses continues to exist.