Functionally graded ceramic systems consisted of Al 2 O 3 /(Al 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 ) and Al 2 O 3 /(Al 2 O 3 –Nd 2 Ti 2 O 7 ) have been produced by gel casting. In Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 systems, Al 2 O 3 was gathered with three different Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 mixtures with varying ZrO 2 contents. For Al 2 O 3 /Nd 2 Ti 2 O 7 system, Al 2 O 3 layer was combined with 3 mol% Nd 2 Ti 2 O 7 ‐doped Al 2 O 3 . All samples sintered at 1480 and 1540°C showed strong adhesion between layers without any crack formation. In the Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 systems, both layers were intact; a distinct separation was observed, whereas a large reaction zone was observed for the Al 2 O 3 /Nd 2 Ti 2 O 7 system as a consequence of reaction between both phases. The separation between layers for both systems was identified by SEM–EDX analyses. The hardness and wear tests of the samples showed that functional grading approach ensures combining various physical properties in a monolithic body.
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Topateş et al. (2024) studied this question.
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