Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia Use After Cesarean Delivery Under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study in 729 U.S. Hospitals

( Anesth Analg . 2023;137(2):256–266. doi: 10.1213/ANE,00000000000069428) Current guidelines recommend multimodal analgesia (MMA) for patients who have had a cesarean delivery (CD) under neuraxial anesthesia but not as much is known about how the same approach could work for patients who had CD under general anesthesia (GA). CDs under GA make up only 6% of CDs and studies show that these patients have higher postoperative pain and higher opioid use compared with patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia. MMA consists of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, opioids as needed, and regional anesthetic techniques.