Modeling over a program lifecycle: lessons learned from JWST that apply to HWO

Modeling played a vital role on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) program. From early modeling to aid in requirements development to final verification and on-orbit performance determination, modeling evolved and grew as the program progressed. With the heavy reliance on modeling that large, complex missions like JWST has had and Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will have, enabling accurate and timely modeling results as the design matures is extremely important. This paper will discuss the types of modeling necessary and the lessons learned during the development of JWST that are applicable to HWO.