Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Insulin Resistance Risk in Normal BMI Indians

Background Insulin resistance (IR) contributes significantly to the onset of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Identifying genetic markers associated with IR can offer insights into its mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Objective This study investigated the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insulin resistance among 191 individuals in the Indian population. Methods A literature review identified four SNPs linked to IR. Participants were divided into groups based on insulin resistance and sensitivity, determined by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR). DNA was extracted for genotyping using Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array (GSA) V3. Case-control analysis assessed SNP-genotype associations with insulin resistance and other clinical parameters. Results Among 191 participants, 57 were insulin-resistant and 134 were insulin-sensitive. Significant associations (P < 0.05) were found between selected SNPs and IR. SNP rs920590 showed the strongest association, with the T allele associated with increased IR risk (odds ratio = 4.01, 95% CI 1.55-10.34; p < 0.0014). Additionally, serum LDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides, HbA1c, Insulin fasting and fat mass show significant differences in cases and controls. Conclusion This study validates genetic markers linked to insulin resistance (IR) in the Indian population and elucidates their roles in IR pathogenesis. Understanding these markers can inform personalised therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.