The Influence of the Incorporation of Mn Atoms in CdO Nanoparticles on Structural Pathways, Linear, and Non-linear Optical Characteristics for Optoelectronic Devices

The paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of Cd[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O nanoparticles using the precipitation method for potential optoelectronic applications. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a cubic polycrystalline structure, with a decrease in crystallite size as Mn concentration increased. UV–Vis spectroscopy data showed changes in the band gap with varying Mn concentrations, with [Formula: see text] decreasing from 2.523[Formula: see text]eV to 2.304[Formula: see text]eV as Mn content increased up to 3%. However, with further increases in Mn content, [Formula: see text] increased to 2.332[Formula: see text]eV. The study also estimated various optical properties, providing valuable insights into the optical behavior of Cd[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O nanoparticles. In addition to the aforementioned characterizations, the paper explores the influence of Mn content on dispersion parameters using Wemple Di-Domenico models. The dispersion energy ([Formula: see text]) was found to increase from 13.502[Formula: see text]eV to 14.170[Formula: see text]eV, while the single oscillator energy ([Formula: see text]) decreased from 3.483[Formula: see text]eV to 3.142[Formula: see text]eV with increasing Mn content. This suggests that the incorporation of Mn into CdO alters its optical properties significantly. Furthermore, the study calculated non-linear optical coefficients, such as the third-order non-linear susceptibility ([Formula: see text](3)) and non-linear refractive index ([Formula: see text]), for CdO nanostructured powder doped with Mn. These findings indicate the potential suitability of Cd[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O nanoparticles for applications in the fields of optics and electronic devices, highlighting their potential for use in advanced technologies requiring tailored optical properties and nonlinear behavior.