Integrated Morphological, Comparative Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms Underlying Seasonal Patterns of Variation in Spines of the Giant Spiny Frog (Quasipaa spinosa)

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, commonly known as the spiny frog, is an economically valued amphibian in China prized for its tender meat and nutritional value. This species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, most notably the prominent spiny structures on males that are pivotal for mating success and species identification. The spines of