Liquid helium is widely used in scientific devices to offer a cryogenic temperature for superconductor. In addition, liquid helium is also the main mode of long-distance transportation of helium. In this paper, the main principle of helium liquefaction is discussed. The helium liquefaction devices around the world for scientific research and industry are concluded, as well as the liquefaction device producers.
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Zhao et al. (2024) studied this question.
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