The Key Technique in the mRNA Vaccine Therapy

mRNA-based gene therapy drugs and preventive vaccines have become a hot topic of development. The technical principle is that mRNA delivered to the body cells can be expressed through the translation mechanism of host cells to produce therapeutic proteins or immunogenic proteins, which have therapeutic effects on the body or stimulate the body to produce immune effects. mRNA vaccines have many advantages over traditional vaccines, such as their safety, flexibility, rapid production and low cost. mRNA vaccines are therefore proposed as a new frontier in vaccination. in this review, the main key technologies based on mRNA drug design, such as in vitro transcription (IVT), nucleotide and cap and tail structure modification, were reviewed, followed by a brief introduction to mRNA purification methods and delivery systems. Several novel mRNA drugs are also briefly described. Finally, the latest research directions and possible challenges of mRNA are mentioned, aiming to provide support for the development of mRNA gene therapy drugs and vaccines.