Low-carbon optimal dispatch of integrated energy systems taking into account the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and electricity-heat demand response

Abstract In order to achieve the goals of "carbon neutrality and carbon peaking" at an early date, a low-carbon optimal dispatch model that takes into account the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and the demand response (DR) of electricity and heat is proposed for the integrated energy system (IES). Firstly, the demand response mechanism for electricity and heat is constructed by considering the characteristics of multiple loads that are flexible in switching relationships with each other. Second, the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism is introduced to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. After that, the system low-carbon optimal dispatch model is established with the optimization objective of minimizing the operation cost. Finally, four different scenarios are set up to verify the feasibility of the proposed model. The results of the calculations show that the introduction of the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and the demand response mechanism for electricity and heat can enable the system to reduce carbon emissions by 22.09% and operating costs by 17.27%, which achieves the effect of low-carbon and cost-saving, and provides a theoretical basis for the transformation and sustainable development of the energy system.