New Zealand is considering implementing congestion-charging technologies to improve traffic flows and reduce emissions in city centres. This article reviews current congestion-charging technologies against New Zealand’s Privacy Act 2020 and identifies varying privacy risks with these technologies. In particular, using global navigation satellite (GNS) systems and an on-board unit can pose a risk of collecting data that exceeds congestion management requirements. Additional issues arise from data processing for purposes other than congestion charging. Overall, the findings indicate the need for stricter control over who can process what type of personal data and the use and retention of such data.
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Seow et al. (2024) studied this question.
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