Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in the healthy population

Abstract BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules (TNs) are predominantly benign, but some may progress to cancer. Various risk factors, including metabolic diseases, have been linked to TNs, though findings have been inconsistent. This study investigates TN detection and related factors in a healthy population, aiming to develop a predictive model for thyroid disease prevention and treatment. METHODS: The study included 14,973 participants, assessing TNs through ultrasonography and collecting demographic and biochemical data such as cholesterol, blood glucose, and uric acid. Logistic regression analyzed these factors' association with TN presence. RESULTS: TNs were found in 54.1% of participants, more frequently in females (58.97%) than males (49.93%), with prevalence increasing after age 40. Significant correlations included higher LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and BMI. A prediction model demonstrated good predictive capability, with an AUC of 0.84 in the training set and 0.78 in the validation set. CONCLUSION: The high TN prevalence, particularly among women and older adults, highlights the need for targeted screening programs. Associations with metabolic factors suggest the importance of regular thyroid ultrasonography for early detection and management.