Low BMI Is Not a Risk Factor for Scoliosis, but Female Sex Is: Insights from a Large-Scale Study in Wuxi, China

Abstract Background Scoliosis, characterized by lateral curvature of the spine, is a common concern in pediatric populations. While various risk factors have been proposed, the association between low body mass index (BMI) and scoliosis remains debated. Methods A large-scale screening study was conducted in Wuxi, China, in 2023, involving elementary school-aged children (10–17 years old). A total of 15,953 children were screened for scoliosis, and those with a Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more underwent further evaluation. Results Of the screened children, only 3.7% had a low BMI, and among those with a Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more, only 2.8% had a low BMI. These findings suggest that a low BMI is not a significant risk factor for the development of scoliosis in this population. Conclusion Contrary to previous assumptions, our study suggests that a low BMI does not appear to be a predisposing factor for scoliosis among elementary school-aged children in Wuxi, China. However, our findings indicate that female sex is a significant risk factor. These findings have implications for understanding the multifactorial nature of scoliosis etiology and may inform future screening and prevention efforts.