Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Foliose Lichen Species Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale

Lichens are symbiosis between fungi and algae. Lichens can produce specific secondary metabolites which are different from other organisms. Lichens are of interest due to the accumulation of secondary metabolites in their thallus. The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of foliose lichen species, Parmotrema tinctorum. The lichen was macerated with methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate at room temperature to obtain the crude extract. Antioxidant activity of crude extract was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Phenolic content was analyzed by Folin-Ciocaltue phenol method. The result showed that the crude extract by methanol gave the highest yield at 34.74 followed by acetone ethyl acetate, respectively. The highest yield of total phenolic content was found in ethyl acetate crude extract at 83.15±12.52 mg GAE/g DW, followed by acetone and methanolic at 754.55±14.90 and 443.94±11.36 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in DPPH assay value with methanolic extract at IC50 = 4.61±0.04 mg/mL, then ethyl acetate and acetone, respectively. While FRAP assay was shown to be highest in the methanolic extract at 2096.27±9.24 mg Fe/g extract, followed by acetone and ethyl acetate, respectively.