Hybrid solar carport for electric vehicle charging in smart cities

In this paper, we present a hybrid solar carport system designed to optimize electric vehicle (EV) charging by combining photovoltaic (PV) power with grid electricity. The system maximizes the utilization of renewable solar energy and supplements it with grid power when the charging demand exceeds the available PV power. Mathematical formulations are used to model the power dynamics, demonstrating how the energy management system efficiently allocates power from both sources. This hybrid approach significantly reduces CO2 emissions while ensuring the same performance as a traditional EV charging station. Additionally, simulations and case studies are presented to illustrate the practical benefits of the system, highlighting its potential for large-scale adoption. Ultimately, this hybrid solar carport system represents a promising solution to promote sustainable mobility and reduce the carbon footprint of EV charging infrastructure.