New Challenges Under the Revised Industrial Emissions Directive: From Ippc to Ied 2.0

The European Union's revised Industrial Emissions Directive (IED), introduces significant enhancements aimed at reducing pollution from large industrial installations and intensive livestock farms. This modernization aligns with the European Green Deal's Zero Pollution ambition, targeting a healthier environment and promoting industrial innovation. The updated IED extends its regulatory reach to additional sources of emissions. Notably, it now encompasses more large-scale intensive livestock farms, including the largest pig and poultry operations. This expansion is essential in mitigating nitrogen pollution across air, water, and soil. The Directive also brings the extraction of metals and large-scale battery production under its purview, addressing emerging industrial activities with significant environmental footprints. To analyze the impact and effectiveness of the updated IED, an online systematic review was conducted using peer-reviewed literature, official EU reports, and policy evaluations from 2020 to 2025. A comparative analysis was carried out to assess key changes against the previous IED (2010/75/EU), using case studies and reported data. Findings from the review highlight several important aspects of the directive, like stricter emission limits and target reductions. In a concluding sense, IED 2.0 success will depend on effective enforcement, industry cooperation, and technological innovation. Future research should focus on digital monitoring tools, financial sustainability models, and regulatory refinements to ensure longterm compliance and impact.