Research progress on 3D printed geopolymer materials

The integration of 3D printing technology with geopolymer materials offers a sustainable alternative to conventional construction methods, significantly reducing CO 2 emissions. However, challenges such as rapid setting, limited workability, and weak interlayer bonding limit their broader application. This review summarizes recent progress in 3D printed geopolymer composites, focusing on materials selection, rheological optimization, buildability, and mechanical performance enhancement. Strategies including the use of rheology modifiers, fiber reinforcements, nano-additives, and process optimization have shown promise in improving printability and structural performance. Remaining challenges, such as balancing setting time and printability and enhancing interlayer adhesion, are also discussed. Future research directions are proposed to further advance the development of high-performance, low-carbon geopolymer 3D printing materials for sustainable construction.