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This is a Quantitative Study study.

October 8, 2025Open Access

Spatio-Temporal Delta-Sigma Modulation for Massive MIMO with Low Resolution DACs

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Enhanced error vector magnitude performance is achieved through spatio-temporal delta-sigma modulation in massive MIMO.
The proposed modulation shapes quantization noise using channel state information and optimizes noise transfer function design.
Numerical results indicate that incorporating temporal dimension outperforms traditional spatial delta-sigma modulation.
Further filtering is necessary to comply with spectral masks set by existing communication standards.

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Numerical analysis demonstrates improved error vector magnitude in massive MIMO systems, highlighting quantization noise mitigation.

Schlegel et al. (2025) studied this question.

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