Behavioural Relevance modulates BOLD-fMRI responses in the rat Visual Cortex

Neuronal responses are shaped by experiences. Plasticity can occur at single neuron level or at the full population level. Here, we established a novel behavioural task requiring rats to distinguish between continuous and flickering lights. We then performed fMRI in trained vs naive animals and investigated BOLD-fMRI responses along the visual pathway. When light flashes become meaningful in trained animals, the BOLD activation patterns are significantly modulated compared to naive counterparts, in particular in higher visual cortex and associative areas. BOLD-fMRI signals are thus capable of deciphering plasticity arising from strong associations with actions and rewards.