Mouse sleep fMRI with simultaneous electrophysiology at 9.4T

Simultaneous electrophysiology and fMRI could provide both macroscopic and microscopic observations, but it is highly technically challenging and not widely used in sleep research. We developed mouse sleep fMRI based on simultaneous electrophysiology at 9.4T and allowed manifestation of the full sleep cycle (NREM/REM) during fMRI. The results revealed global state-dependent patterns. Rich state transition epochs demonstrated that state transitions were global, irreversible and sequential phenomenon, which can be predicted using LSTM RNN models. Importantly, simultaneous hippocampal recording revealed enhanced sharp-wave ripple triggered global patterns during NREM than awake state, which may attribute to co-occurrence of spindle events.