In-vivo delineation of fine structures in the human brain using high resolution deep learning-powered chi-separation

Fine structures in the human brain are delineated in the positive and negative susceptibility maps reconstructed in less than 25 min of scan time. The reconstruction pipeline consists of four deep learning networks, each of which performs multi-echo denoising, QSM reconstruction, χ-separation, and super-resolution. The reconstructed maps delineate two laminar structures within globus pallidus, the fibers of internal capsule, and nigrosome structures in the substantia nigra.