Through simulation the frequency offsets due to signal dephasing around biologically relevant local regions of high magnetic susceptibility are explored. Monte Carlo simulations are used to characterise the frequency offsets produced by spherical inclusions of varying radius and susceptibility in the presence of diffusion. The results indicate that heterogeneity of non-haeme iron concentration produce $δΩ R²/D$ values associated with local frequency offsets of up to $$-0.053 γ B₀χₐᵥ$: such offsets would be a confound for QSM measurements that merits further investigation.
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Shaw et al. (2024) studied this question.
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