Fractal Analysis: Left Ventricular Trabecular Complexity Cardiac MRI Adds Independent Risks for HFpEF in Participants with ESRD

The aim of this study was to measure left ventricular (LV) trabecular complexity by fractal dimension (FD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and assess whether FD is an independent risk predictor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in this population. We found that LV mean basal FD was an independent predictor for HFpEF in the multivariate analysis. Adding LV mean basal FD to the baseline model resulted in a higher C-index and significant NRI, indicating better discriminatory ability to HFpEF en ESRD patients.