Glycogen Imaging of The Human Liver Using GraspNOE-Dixon

We aim to translate the glycogen imaging approach to clinical scanners for human liver imaging. By combining saturation transfer preparation and Golden-angle Radial Sparse Parallel (GRASP) imaging, we can achieve steady-state saturation suitable for generating glycogen nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) contrast and free-breathing imaging readout. Furthermore, we incorporated multi-echo acquisition, enabling NOE quantification in water-only images without fat influence. In this project, we demonstrated the effect of fat signal in z spectra from the composite images and the removal of such effect in z spectra from water only images. We also validated the glycoNOE signal using a fasting protocol.