Excitation and inhibition in the human M1 during motor memory consolidation and the relation to neural plasticity: a multimodal 7T study

Here, we show, using ultra-high field MRS and functional and structural MRI, how changes in glutamate and GABA in the human motor cortex following motor skill learning may play key roles in promoting motor memory consolidation and neuroplasticity. Increased glutamate after learning was associated with overnight skill performance improvements, and increased functional connectivity of M1 with the striatum, suggesting for functional plasticity. Greater reduction in GABA following learning was associated with increased grey matter volume in M1 overnight, suggesting for structural plasticity. We therefore highlight the importance of these neurochemical modifications in promoting learning and plasticity in the human brain.